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*Lonchura punctulata*, commonly known as the spotted munia or the rice bird, is a small, social finch native to South and Southeast Asia. This bird is easily recognizable by its distinctive plumage, measuring about 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 inches) in length. The male and female spotted munia have a similar appearance, characterized by a brownish-buff body with a spotted white and black pattern on the underparts, giving them their name. Their head is dark brown, while the wings and tail are slightly darker, providing a striking contrast against the lighter body. Spotted munias are often found in open grasslands, agricultural fields, and wetlands, where they primarily feed on seeds, particularly rice and other grains. They are known for their gregarious nature, often seen in small flocks foraging together. Their social behavior includes a series of cheerful, chirping calls that contribute to their lively presence. During the breeding season, spotted munias build nests from grass and other plant materials, typically placed in dense vegetation or tall grasses. The female usually lays 4 to 7 eggs, which both parents help incubate. Their adaptability and charming behavior make them popular among birdwatchers and aviculturists alike.

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