The Indian spectacled cobra, scientifically known as Naja naja, is a prominent venomous snake found across the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. It belongs to the family Elapidae and is easily recognized by its distinctive hood, which it expands when threatened. The name "spectacled" refers to the two circular markings on its neck that resemble spectacles, a characteristic feature of this species.

Typically, the Indian spectacled cobra exhibits a coloration that ranges from light brown to black, with variations in patterns and hues. It can grow to an average length of 1.2 to 1.5 meters, although some individuals can exceed 2 meters. This snake is primarily terrestrial but is also known to climb trees and inhabit diverse environments, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas.

The diet of the Indian spectacled cobra consists mainly of small mammals, birds, and other reptiles. Its venom is potent, containing neurotoxins that can lead to paralysis or death if untreated. This species plays a crucial role in controlling rodent populations and has significant cultural importance in many regions. Conservation efforts are essential to address habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict affecting this iconic snake.