The Russell viper, scientifically known as Daboia russelii, is a highly venomous snake found primarily in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It belongs to the family Viperidae and is known for its distinctive appearance, featuring a robust body with a pattern of dark brown or gray scales and lighter-colored markings that provide effective camouflage in its natural habitat. This snake typically measures between 1.5 to 2.5 meters in length. The Russell viper is a terrestrial species, often residing in forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas.

Behaviorally, it is primarily nocturnal and can be quite aggressive when threatened. Its venom is hemotoxic, capable of causing severe tissue damage and coagulopathy in its victims, making it a significant health concern in areas where it is found. The snake relies on ambush tactics, remaining motionless until its prey, usually small mammals, birds, or lizards, comes within striking distance. Despite its dangerous reputation, the Russell viper plays a vital role in the ecosystem by controlling pest populations. Conservation efforts are essential to protect its habitat from urban development and agricultural expansion, as this species is increasingly facing threats due to habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict.